Masu bincike daga NTNU suna ba da haske akan kayan maganadisu a ƙananan ma'auni ta hanyar ƙirƙirar fina-finai tare da taimakon wasu haskoki na X-ray masu haske.
Erik Folven, babban darektan kungiyar oxide Electronics a Sashen Lantarki na NTNU, da abokan aiki daga NTNU da Jami'ar Ghent a Belgium sun tashi don ganin yadda micromagnets na fim na bakin ciki ke canzawa lokacin da filin maganadisu ya damu.Aikin, wani ɓangare na NTNU Nano da Majalisar Bincike na Norway, an buga su a cikin mujallar Nazarin Nazarin Jiki.
Ƙananan maganadiso
Einar Standal Digernes ya ƙirƙira ƙanƙanta ƙaƙƙarfan maganadisu murabba'i da aka yi amfani da su a cikin gwaje-gwajen.
Karamin maganadisu murabba'i, wanda NTNU Ph.D.Dan takarar Einar Standal Digernes, nisan mitoci biyu ne kacal kuma ya kasu kashi hudu masu kusurwa uku, kowannensu yana da mabanbantan yanayin maganadisu na nunin agogo ko kusa da agogo a kusa da maganadisu.
A wasu kayan maganadisu, ƙananan rukunonin atom suna haɗa kai zuwa wuraren da ake kira domains, waɗanda duk electrons suke da yanayin maganadisu iri ɗaya.
A cikin maganadisu na NTNU, waɗannan yankuna suna haɗuwa a tsakiyar maƙasudi — vortex core — inda lokacin maganadisu ke nunawa kai tsaye a ciki ko daga cikin jirgin na kayan.
"Lokacin da muka yi amfani da filin maganadisu, da yawa daga cikin waɗannan yankuna za su yi nuni a hanya ɗaya," in ji Folven."Za su iya girma kuma za su iya raguwa, sannan za su iya haɗuwa cikin juna."
Electrons kusan a saurin haske
Ganin hakan ba abu ne mai sauki ba.Masu binciken sun dauki micromagnets din su zuwa wani synchrotron mai siffar donut mai nisan mita 80, wanda aka fi sani da BESSY II, a Berlin, inda ake kara karfin electrons har sai sun yi tafiya a kusan saurin haske.Waɗancan na'urorin lantarki masu motsi da sauri sannan suna fitar da haskoki na X-ray masu haske sosai.
Folven ya ce: "Muna ɗaukar waɗannan haskoki na X-ray kuma muna amfani da su azaman hasken da ke cikin na'urar hangen nesa."
Saboda electrons suna kewaya synchrotron a cikin gungu da aka raba da nanoseconds guda biyu, X-rays da suke fitarwa suna zuwa cikin daidaitaccen bugun jini.
Na'urar daukar hotan bidiyo ta X-ray microscope, ko STXM, tana ɗaukar waɗancan radiyon X don ƙirƙirar hoto na tsarin maganadisu.Ta hanyar dinke waɗannan hotuna tare, masu binciken za su iya ƙirƙirar fim da gaske da ke nuna yadda micromagnet ke canzawa akan lokaci.
Tare da taimakon STXM, Folven da abokan aikinsa sun dame su micromagnets tare da bugun jini na halin yanzu wanda ya haifar da filin maganadisu, kuma sun ga yankunan sun canza siffar kuma vortex core yana motsawa daga tsakiya.
"Kuna da ƙaramin maganadisu, sannan ku ɗaga shi kuma ku gwada shi yayin da yake daidaitawa," in ji shi.Bayan haka, sun ga ainihin komawa tsakiyar-amma tare da hanya mai juyi, ba madaidaiciyar layi ba.
Folven ya ce: "Zai sake yin rawa a tsakiya."
Zamewa ɗaya kuma ya ƙare
Wannan saboda suna nazarin kayan aikin epitaxial, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira a saman abin da ke ba masu bincike damar tweak kaddarorin kayan, amma zai toshe X-ray a cikin STXM.
Aiki a cikin NTNU NanoLab, masu binciken sun warware matsalar substrate ta hanyar binne micromagnet ɗin su a ƙarƙashin Layer na carbon don kare halayen maganadisu.
Sa'an nan a hankali da kuma daidai guntu juzu'i substrate a ƙarƙashinsa tare da mayar da hankali kan katako na gallium ions har sai kawai sirara mai ƙwanƙwasa ya rage.Tsarin ɓacin rai na iya ɗaukar sa'o'i takwas ga kowane samfurin-kuma ɗaya zamewa zai iya haifar da bala'i.
"Abu mai mahimmanci shine, idan kun kashe magnetism, ba za mu san hakan ba kafin mu zauna a Berlin," in ji shi."Dabarar ita ce, ba shakka, don kawo samfur fiye da ɗaya."
Daga mahimman ilimin kimiyyar lissafi zuwa na'urori masu zuwa
Abin godiya ya yi aiki, kuma ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da samfuran da aka shirya a hankali don tsara yadda yankunan micromagnet ke girma da raguwa cikin lokaci.Sun kuma ƙirƙiri simintin kwamfuta don ƙarin fahimtar abin da dakarun ke aiki.
Kazalika inganta ilimin mu na ainihin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, fahimtar yadda magnetism ke aiki a waɗannan tsawon da ma'auni na lokaci zai iya taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar na'urori masu zuwa.
An riga an yi amfani da Magnetism don adana bayanai, amma masu bincike a halin yanzu suna neman hanyoyin da za su ci gaba da yin amfani da su.Matsakaicin maganadisu na ainihin vortex da yanki na micromagnet, alal misali, ƙila za a iya amfani da su don ɓoye bayanai ta hanyar 0s da 1s.
Masu binciken yanzu suna ƙoƙarin maimaita wannan aikin tare da kayan anti-ferromagnetic, inda tasirin net ɗin kowane lokacin maganadisu ya soke.Waɗannan suna da alƙawarin idan ya zo ga ƙididdigewa-a cikin ka'idar, ana iya amfani da kayan anti-ferromagnetic don yin na'urori waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙaramin ƙarfi kuma su tsaya tsayin daka ko da lokacin da wutar lantarki ta ɓace-amma da yawa dabara don bincika saboda siginar da suke samarwa za su yi rauni sosai. .
Duk da wannan ƙalubalen, Folven yana da kyakkyawan fata."Mun rufe ƙasa ta farko ta hanyar nuna za mu iya yin samfura kuma mu duba su da hasken X-ray," in ji shi."Mataki na gaba shine ganin ko zamu iya yin samfuran isassun inganci don samun isassun sigina daga kayan anti-ferromagnetic."
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-10-2021