Impinduka zubu zifite uruhare runini mugupima no kugenzura amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi atandukanye.Byaremewe guhindura imigezi miremire muburyo busanzwe, urwego rwo hasi rushobora gupimwa byoroshye no gukurikiranwa.Iyo bigeze kubihinduramatwara bigezweho, ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bukoreshwa cyane: AC (guhinduranya amashanyarazi) ihinduranya hamwe na DC (itaziguye).Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ryingenzi riri hagati yubwoko bubiri ningirakamaro muguhitamo transformateur iburyo bwa progaramu runaka.
Imwe muntandukanyirizo yibanze hagati ya AC na DC ihinduranya iri muburyo bwubu bagenewe gupima.Impinduka za ACbyashizweho kugirango bipime guhinduranya imirongo, irangwa no guhora uhindura icyerekezo nubunini.Iyi miyoboro ikunze kuboneka muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, moteri yamashanyarazi, hamwe ninganda zitandukanye nubucuruzi.Ku rundi ruhande,Impinduka za DCbyashizweho kugirango bipime imigezi itaziguye, itemba mu cyerekezo kimwe idahinduye polarite.Iyi miyoboro isanzwe ikoreshwa muri sisitemu ikoreshwa na bateri, imirasire y'izuba, hamwe nibikorwa bimwe na bimwe byinganda.
Irindi tandukaniro ryingenzi hagati ya AC na DC ihinduranya ni ubwubatsi nigishushanyo.Imashanyarazi ya AC isanzwe ikorwa hamwe ninturusu ikozwe mubyuma cyangwa ibyuma, bifasha kwimura neza imbaraga za rukuruzi zituruka kumyuka ihindagurika.Ihinduranya ryibanze rya transformateur ihujwe murukurikirane numutwaro, ikabemerera gupima umuyaga unyura mumuzunguruko.Ibinyuranye, impinduka za DC zubu zisaba igishushanyo gitandukanye bitewe nuburyo buhoraho bwimikorere itaziguye.Bakunze gukoresha intoki ya toroidal ikozwe mubikoresho bya ferromagnetiki kugirango barebe neza ibipimo byerekanwa biterekanwa.
Kubijyanye nimikorere, impinduka za AC na DC zubu nazo zigaragaza itandukaniro muburyo bwazo no gusubiza inshuro.Impinduka za ACbazwiho ubunyangamugayo buhanitse mugupima imirongo ihindagurika mugihe cyihariye, mubisanzwe kuva 50Hz kugeza 60Hz.Byashizweho kugirango bitange ibipimo nyabyo mubihe bitandukanye byimitwaro kandi bikoreshwa cyane mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu.Impinduka za DC zubu, kurundi ruhande, zashizweho kugirango zipime neza inzira zitaziguye hamwe ningaruka zuzuye zuzuye kandi zifite umurongo muremure.Bikunze gukoreshwa mubisabwa aho kugenzura neza imigezi ya DC ari ngombwa, nko muri sisitemu yo kwishyiriraho bateri no gushyiramo ingufu zishobora kubaho.
Ku bijyanye n'umutekano no gukumira, impinduka za AC na DC nazo zifite ibisabwa bitandukanye.Impinduka za AC zigezweho zashizweho kugirango zihangane n’umuvuduko mwinshi n’ibihe byinzibacyuho bijyana no guhinduranya imirongo.Bafite ibikoresho bya insulasiyo bishobora gukemura impinduka zihuse za voltage kandi bigatanga uburinzi bwumuriro wamashanyarazi.Ibinyuranye,Impinduka za DCbisaba ubwishingizi bwihariye kugirango uhangane na voltage ihoraho hamwe nibishobora guhinduka bya polarite bijyana numuyoboro utaziguye.Ibi byemeza imikorere yizewe kandi yizewe ya transformateur muri porogaramu za DC.
Mu gusoza, itandukaniro ryingenzi riri hagati ya AC na DC ihinduranya iri muburyo bwubu bagenewe gupima, ubwubatsi bwabo nigishushanyo, imiterere yimikorere, hamwe nibitekerezo byumutekano.Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro nibyingenzi muguhitamo transformateur ibereye kugirango ikoreshwe runaka, kwemeza gupima neza kandi kwizewe kwamashanyarazi muri sisitemu nibikoresho bitandukanye.Byaba ari ugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, gukoresha inganda, cyangwa ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, guhitamo transformateur ikwiye ningirakamaro kugirango ikore neza kandi itekanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-29-2024