Iiteknoloji zamandla asakhulayo zichongiwe ezifuna uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo ukuvavanya ukusebenza kotyalo-mali lwexesha elide.
Injongo kukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye necandelo lamandla njengelona galelo likhulu likumbindi wemizamo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwetekhnoloji ye-decarbonisation ngokomyalelo walo.
Ubuchwephesha obuphambili obunjengomoya kunye nelanga ngoku burhweba ngokubanzi kodwa ubugcisa obutsha bamandla acocekileyo buthe gqolo ekuphuhlisweni kwaye buvela. Xa kujongwe izibophelelo zokuhlangabezana neSivumelwano saseParis kunye noxinzelelo lokufumana itekhnoloji ngaphandle, umbuzo ngowokuba ngowuphi kwabo bavelayo abafuna ujoliso lwe-R&D ukumisela amandla abo otyalo-mali lwexesha elide.
Unale nto engqondweni, i-UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) IKomiti Elawulayo yeTekhnoloji ichonge ubuchwephesha obusahlumayo obuthandathu obunokuthi bubonelele ngeenzuzo kwinqanaba lehlabathi kwaye ithi kufuneka iziswe kwintengiso ngokukhawuleza.
Ezi zezi zilandelayo.
Iiteknoloji zobonelelo lwamandla
I-PV yelanga edadayo ayisiyo itekhnoloji entsha kodwa itekhnoloji yenqanaba eliphezulu lokulungela itekhnoloji zidityaniswa ngeendlela ezintsha, itsho iKomiti. Umzekelo zizikhephe ezisezantsi ezimcaba kunye neenkqubo zesolar PV, kubandakanywa iipaneli, uthumelo kunye nee-inverters.
Iindidi ezimbini zamathuba zibonisiwe, okt xa umhlaba welanga odadayo uzimele wodwa naxa ulungiswa ngokutsha okanye ukwakhiwa ngoncedo lombane owenziwe ngamanzi njengomxube. Ilanga elidadayo nalo linokuyilelwa umkhondo ngeendleko ezongezelelweyo eziqingqiweyo kodwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25% yenzuzo eyongezelelweyo yamandla.
Umoya odadayo unika ithuba lokuxhaphaza izibonelelo zamandla omoya ezifumaneka kumanzi anzulu kakhulu kuneenqaba zomoya ezingagungqiyo ezingaselunxwemeni, ezihlala emanzini ama-50m okanye ngaphantsi ubunzulu, nakwimimandla ekufutshane nemigangatho enzulu yonxweme yolwandle. Owona mceli-mngeni sisixokelelwano sokuzinzisa, esineentlobo ezimbini zoyilo olungundoqo olufumana utyalo-mali, olunokuntywila emanzini okanye olumiliselwe ezantsi elwandle kwaye zombini kukho okulungileyo nokubi.
IKomiti ithi uyilo lomoya odadayo likumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okulungela itekhnoloji, kunye nee turbines ezidadayo ezithe tyaba ezingaphezulu kunee-axis turbines ezithe nkqo.
Ukuvumela ubuchwepheshe
I-hydrogen eluhlaza ininzi kakhulu isihloko sosuku ngamathuba okusetyenziswa kokufudumeza, kwishishini kunye nanjengamafutha. Nangona kunjalo, indlela eyenziwa ngayo i-hydrogen, nangona kunjalo, ibalulekile kwimpembelelo yayo yokukhupha, i-TEC iphawula.
Iindleko zixhomekeke kwizinto ezimbini - ezo zombane kwaye zibaluleke kakhulu kwi-electrolysers, ekufuneka iqhutywe yi-economies of scale.
Iibhetri zesizukulwana esilandelayo emva kwemitha kunye nogcino olusetyenziswayo olufana ne-lithium-metal eqinile zivela zibonelela ngophuculo olukhulu olungenamda kwitekhnoloji yebhetri ekhoyo malunga noxinano lwamandla, ukuqina kwebhetri kunye nokhuseleko, ngelixa ikwavumela ukutshaja kwamaxesha okukhawulezayo, itsho iKomiti.
Ukuba imveliso inokukalwa ngempumelelo, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunokuba yinguquko, ngakumbi kwintengiso yeemoto, njengoko inokwenza ukuba kuphuhliswe iimoto zombane ezineebhetri ezinobomi bonke kunye noluhlu lokuqhuba oluthelekiswa nezithuthi zemveli zanamhlanje.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla okufudumeza okufudumeza okanye ukupholisa kunokuhanjiswa ngezinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezinomthamo ohlukeneyo we-thermal kunye neendleko, kunye negalelo elikhulu elinokubakho kwizakhiwo kunye noshishino olulula, ngokutsho kweKomiti.
Iinkqubo zamandla obushushu bokuhlala zinokuba nempembelelo enkulu kakhulu kwiindawo ezibandayo, ezinobushushu obuphantsi apho iimpompo zobushushu zingasebenzi kakuhle, ngelixa enye indawo ephambili yophando lwexesha elizayo ikuphuhliso kunye nelizwe elitsha eliphuhlisiwe “amatyathanga abandayo”.
Iimpompo zokufudumala zibuchwephesha obusekwe kakuhle, kodwa kwakhona enye apho izinto ezintsha ziqhubeka zenziwe kwiindawo ezinjengeefriji eziphuculweyo, i-compressors, i-heat exchangers kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ukuzisa ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Uphononongo luhlala lubonisa ukuba iimpompo zokushisa, ezixhaswe ngumbane wegesi ephantsi kwe-greenhouse, isicwangciso esisisiseko sokufudumeza kunye neemfuno zokupholisa, iKomiti ithi.
Obunye ubugcisa obuvelayo
Obunye ubuchwephesha obuphononongwayo bumoya ophuma emoyeni kunye namaza olwandle, amaza olwandle kunye neenkqubo zoguqulo lwamandla obushushu olwandle, ezinokuthi zibaluleke kakhulu kwiinzame zamazwe athile okanye amacandelwana kodwa de kube imingeni yobunjineli kunye nemicimbi yoshishino yoyisiwe ayinakwenzeka ukuba ibonelele ngezibonelelo kwinqanaba lehlabathi, iKomiti iphawula.
Obunye ubuchwephesha obuvelayo obunomdla bubuchwephesha bebhayoloji kunye nokubanjwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokugcinwa, okuhamba ngaphaya kwenqanaba lokubonisa ukuya ekuhanjisweni okulinganiselweyo kwezorhwebo. Ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuthomalalisa, ukuthathwa kwalo kuya kufuneka kuqhutywe ikakhulu ngamanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu, kunye nokusasazwa kwelizwe lokwenyani okunokubandakanya umxube weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamafutha, iindlela zeCCS kunye nemizi-mveliso ekujoliswe kuyo.
—NguJonathan Spencer Jones
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-14-2022