Abacwaningi abavela ku-NTNU bakhanyisa izinto ezisebenza ngogesi ngezinga elincane ngokudala ama-movie ngosizo lwe-X-ray ekhanya kakhulu.
U-Erik Folven, umqondisi osebenzisana neqembu le-oxide electronics eMnyangweni Wezinhlelo Ze-elekthronikhi we-NTNU, kanye nozakwabo abavela e-NTNU naseGhent University eBelgium baqale ukubona ukuthi ama-micromagnets e-thin-film ashintsha kanjani uma ephazanyiswa yinsimu yamagnetic yangaphandle. Lo msebenzi, oxhaswe ngokwengxenye yi-NTNU Nano kanye ne-Research Council yaseNorway, wanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Physical Review Research.
Omaginethi amancane
U-Einar Standal Digernes wasungula omaginethi abancane abayisikwele abasetshenziswa ekuhlolweni.
Omaginethi abancane abayisikwele, abadalwe yi-NTNU Ph.D. candidate Einar Standal Digernes, bangama-micrometer amabili ububanzi futhi bahlukaniswe baba yizindawo ezine ezingonxantathu, ngayinye inombono ohlukile kamaginethi okhomba ngokwewashi noma ngokumelene newashi nxazonke zamaginethi.
Kwezinye izinto ezisebenza ngomagnetic, amaqembu amancane ama-athomu ayahlangana abe yizindawo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-domain, lapho wonke ama-electron enokuqondiswa okufanayo komagnetic.
Kuma-magnet e-NTNU, lawa ma-domain ahlangana endaweni ephakathi nendawo—i-vortex core—lapho umzuzu wamagnetic ukhomba khona ngqo ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwendiza yezinto ezibonakalayo.
“Uma sisebenzisa insimu yamagnetic, lawa ma-domain amaningi azokhomba ohlangothini olufanayo,” kusho uFolven. “Angakhula futhi anciphe, bese ehlangana abe munye.”
Ama-electron cishe ngesivinini sokukhanya
Ukubona lokhu kwenzeka akulula. Abacwaningi bathatha ama-micromagnet abo baya ku-synchrotron enomumo we-donut engamamitha angu-80 ububanzi, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-BESSY II, eBerlin, lapho ama-electron esheshiswa khona aze ahambe cishe ngesivinini sokukhanya. Lawo ma-electron ahamba ngokushesha abese ekhipha imisebe ye-X ekhanyayo kakhulu.
“Sithatha la ma-X-ray bese siwasebenzisa njengokukhanya kuma-microscope ethu,” kusho uFolven.
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-electron ahambahamba ezungeze i-synchrotron ngamaqoqo ahlukaniswe ngama-nanosecond amabili, ama-X-ray akhiphayo afika ngama-pulse aqondile.
I-scanning transmission X-ray microscope, noma i-STXM, ithatha lawo ma-X-ray ukuze idale isithombe sesakhiwo sikamazibuthe sezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zithombe ndawonye, abacwaningi bangakha ifilimu ebonisa ukuthi i-micromagnet ishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngosizo lwe-STXM, uFolven nozakwabo baphazamisa ama-micromagnet abo nge-pulse yamanje eyakha insimu yamagnetic, futhi babona ama-domain eshintsha isimo kanye ne-vortex core isuka enkabeni.
“Unemagnethi encane kakhulu, bese uyibhoboza bese uzama ukuyidweba njengoba ihlala futhi,” usho kanje. Ngemva kwalokho, babona umongo ubuyela phakathi—kodwa endleleni egobile, hhayi emgqeni oqondile.
“Kuzodansa kancane emuva phakathi nendawo,” kusho uFolven.
Ukushelela okukodwa bese kuphelile
Lokho kungenxa yokuthi bafunda izinto ze-epitaxial, ezidalwe phezu kwe-substrate evumela abacwaningi ukuthi balungise izakhiwo zezinto, kodwa ezingavimba ama-X-ray ku-STXM.
Besebenza ku-NTNU NanoLab, abacwaningi baxazulule inkinga ye-substrate ngokungcwaba i-micromagnet yabo ngaphansi kwengqimba yekhabhoni ukuze bavikele izakhiwo zayo zamagnetic.
Base besusa ngokucophelela nangokunembile i-substrate engaphansi ngomsebe oqondile wama-ion e-gallium kwaze kwaba yilapho kusele ungqimba oluncane kakhulu. Inqubo ekhathazayo ingathatha amahora ayisishiyagalombili ngesampula ngayinye—futhi ukukhubeka okukodwa kungadala inhlekelele.
“Into ebalulekile ukuthi, uma ubulala amandla okudonsa, ngeke sikwazi lokho ngaphambi kokuba sihlale eBerlin,” kusho yena. “Icebo, vele, ukuletha amasampula angaphezu kwelilodwa.”
Kusukela ku-physics eyisisekelo kuya kumadivayisi esikhathi esizayo
Ngenhlanhla kusebenze, futhi ithimba lisebenzise amasampula alo alungiselelwe ngokucophelela ukuze lihlele ukuthi izizinda ze-micromagnet zikhula futhi zinciphe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Baphinde bakha ukulingisa kwekhompyutha ukuze baqonde kangcono ukuthi yimaphi amandla asebenzayo.
Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwethu lwe-physics eyisisekelo, ukuqonda ukuthi i-magnetism isebenza kanjani kulezi zilinganiso zesikhathi eside kungasiza ekudaleni amadivayisi esikhathi esizayo.
I-Magnetism isivele isetshenziselwa ukugcina idatha, kodwa abacwaningi okwamanje bafuna izindlela zokuyisebenzisa kakhulu. Ukuqondiswa kwe-magnetic kwe-vortex core kanye nama-domain e-micromagnet, isibonelo, kungasetshenziswa ukufaka ikhodi yolwazi ngesimo sama-0 kanye nama-1.
Abacwaningi manje bahlose ukuphinda lo msebenzi ngezinto ezilwa ne-ferromagnetic, lapho umphumela wesikhathi ngasinye se-magnetic uphela khona. Lokhu kuyathembisa uma kukhulunywa ngokubala—ngombono, izinto ezilwa ne-ferromagnetic zingasetshenziswa ukwenza amadivayisi adinga amandla amancane futhi ahlala eqinile ngisho nalapho amandla elahlekile—kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuwahlola ngoba izimpawu azikhiqizayo zizoba buthakathaka kakhulu.
Naphezu kwaleyo nselele, uFolven unethemba. “Sihlanganise indawo yokuqala ngokubonisa ukuthi singenza amasampula futhi siwabheke nge-X-ray,” kusho yena. “Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukubona ukuthi singakwazi yini ukwenza amasampula ekhwalithi ephezulu ngokwanele ukuthola isignali eyanele evela ezintweni ezilwa ne-ferromagnetic.”
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-10-2021