Kutholakale ubuchwepheshe bamandla obusha obudinga ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kahle kokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside.
Umgomo ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebanga ukushisa kanye nomkhakha wamandla njengoba umnikelo omkhulu uphakathi kwemizamo ehambisana nobuchwepheshe obuningi bokususa igesi eyingozi ngokuyalelwa yiwo.
Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko njengomoya kanye nelanga manje sebuthengiswa kakhulu kodwa ubuchwepheshe obusha bamandla ahlanzekile buyaqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa futhi buvela. Njengoba kunezibopho zokuhlangabezana neSivumelwano saseParis kanye nengcindezi yokukhipha ubuchwepheshe, umbuzo uwukuthi obani kulabo abasafufusa abadinga ukugxila ku-R&D ukuze banqume amandla abo okutshala imali isikhathi eside.
Ngenxa yalokhu engqondweni, iKomidi Eliphethe Ubuchwepheshe le-UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) lithole ubuchwepheshe obuyisithupha obusafufusa obungase buhlinzeke ngezinzuzo emhlabeni wonke futhi lithi kudingeka bulethwe emakethe ngokushesha okukhulu.
Lokhu kungokulandelayo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuqala bokuhlinzeka ngamandla
I-PV yelanga entantayo akuwona ubuchwepheshe obusha kodwa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu lokufaneleka kobuchwepheshe obuthengiswa ngokugcwele buhlanganiswa ngezindlela ezintsha, kusho iKomidi. Isibonelo izikebhe eziphansi eziboshwe phansi kanye nezinhlelo ze-PV yelanga, okuhlanganisa amaphaneli, ama-transmission kanye nama-inverter.
Kuboniswa izinhlobo ezimbili zamathuba, okungukuthi lapho insimu yelanga entantayo izimele yodwa nalapho ifakwa kabusha noma yakhiwe ngesikhungo sikagesi wamanzi njenge-hybrid. I-solar entantayo nayo ingaklanywa ukuze ilandelwe ngezindleko ezengeziwe ezilinganiselwe kodwa inzuzo yamandla engeziwe efika ku-25%.
Umoya ontantayo unikeza amandla okusebenzisa izinsiza zamandla omoya ezitholakala emanzini ajulile kakhulu kunemibhoshongo yomoya engaguquki yolwandle, evame ukuba semanzini ajule ngamamitha angu-50 noma ngaphansi, nasezindaweni ezinephansi lolwandle elijulile eduze nogu. Inselele enkulu uhlelo lokubambelela, olunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuklama ezithola utshalomali, kungaba ukucwiliswa noma ukubambelela phansi kolwandle futhi zombili zinezinzuzo nezimbi.
IKomidi lithi imiklamo yomoya ontantayo isezingeni elihlukahlukene lokulungela ubuchwepheshe, kanti ama-turbine e-axis antantayo athuthukile kakhulu kune-axis turbines eziqondile.
Ubuchwepheshe bokunika amandla
I-hydrogen eluhlaza iyisihloko esikhuluma kakhulu ngalolo suku ngamathuba okusetshenziswa ekufudumaleni, embonini kanye nanjengophethiloli. Kodwa-ke, indlela i-hydrogen eyenziwa ngayo, nokho, ibalulekile emthonjeni wayo wokukhishwa kwegesi, kuphawula i-TEC.
Izindleko zincike ezintweni ezimbili - ezogesi kanye nezibaluleke kakhulu eze-electrolyser, okufanele ziqhutshwe yizindleko zokulinganisa.
Amabhethri esizukulwane esilandelayo angemuva kwemitha kanye nesitoreji esisezingeni lokusetshenziswa njenge-lithium-metal eqinile ayavela anikeza ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu okungenamingcele kunobuchwepheshe bebhethri obukhona maqondana nobuningi bamandla, ukuqina kwebhethri kanye nokuphepha, kuyilapho futhi kuvumela izikhathi zokushaja ezisheshayo, kusho iKomidi.
Uma ukukhiqizwa kungakhuliswa ngempumelelo, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kungaba noshintsho, ikakhulukazi emakethe yezimoto, njengoba kungenzeka kuvumele ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi ezinamabhethri anesikhathi sokuphila kanye nebanga lokushayela elifana nezimoto zendabuko zanamuhla.
Isitoreji samandla okushisa sokushisa noma sokupholisa singalethwa ngezinto eziningi ezahlukene ezinamakhono ahlukene okushisa kanye nezindleko, kanti umnikelo waso omkhulu kungenzeka ube sezakhiweni nasembonini elula, ngokusho kweKomidi.
Izinhlelo zamandla okushisa zasemakhaya zingaba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ezindaweni ezibandayo nezinomswakama ophansi lapho amaphampu okushisa engasebenzi kahle khona, kanti enye indawo ebalulekile yocwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo isekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni zamazwe asanda kuthuthukiswa.
Amaphampu okushisa awubuchwepheshe obusekelwe kahle, kodwa futhi obukhona lapho kuqhubeka khona ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha ezindaweni ezifana nama-refrigerant athuthukisiwe, ama-compressor, ama-heat exchanger kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ukuze kulethwe izinzuzo zokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kahle.
Izifundo zibonisa njalo ukuthi amaphampu okushisa, asebenza ngogesi wegesi ongenayo igesi ebamba ukushisa, ayisu eliyinhloko lezidingo zokushisa nokupholisa, kusho iKomidi.
Eminye imikhakha emisha yobuchwepheshe
Obunye ubuchwepheshe obubuyekeziwe umoya ophuma emoyeni kanye nezinhlelo zokuguqulwa kwamandla okushisa olwandle, amagagasi olwandle kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla okushisa olwandle, okungaba yinto ebalulekile emizamweni yamanye amazwe noma yezifundazwe kodwa kuze kube yilapho izinselele zobunjiniyela kanye nezebhizinisi sezinqotshiwe cishe ngeke zinikeze izinzuzo emhlabeni jikelele, kusho iKomidi.
Olunye ubuchwepheshe obusha obuthakazelisayo yi-bioenergy equkethe ukubanjwa nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni, okusanda kudlula isigaba sokuboniswa kuya ekusetshenzisweni okulinganiselwe kwezentengiselwano. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinketho zokunciphisa, ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kuzodingeka kuqhutshwe kakhulu yizinhlelo zenqubomgomo yesimo sezulu, lapho ukusetshenziswa okubanzi komhlaba wangempela okungase kuhilele ingxube yezinhlobo ezahlukene zikaphethiloli, izindlela ze-CCS kanye nezimboni eziqondiwe.
—NguJonathan Spencer Jones
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-14-2022