Ochwepheshe bomhlaba wonke ngamandla elanga bakhuthaza kakhulu ukuzibophezela ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo kokukhiqizwa kwe-photovoltaic (PV) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla emhlabeni, bephikisana ngokuthi ukubikezela okuphansi kokukhula kwe-PV ngenkathi kulinde ukuvumelana ngezinye izindlela zamandla noma ukuvela kwezimangaliso zobuchwepheshe zomzuzu wokugcina "akusekho inketho."
Isivumelwano esifinyelelwe ngabahlanganyeli ku-3rdI-Terawatt Workshop ngonyaka odlule ilandela ukuqagela okukhulu okuvela emaqenjini amaningi emhlabeni jikelele ngesidingo se-PV enkulu ukuze kuqhutshwe ugesi kanye nokunciphisa igesi ebamba ukushisa. Ukwamukelwa okwandayo kobuchwepheshe be-PV kushukumisele ochwepheshe ukuthi basikisele ukuthi cishe ama-terawatts angu-75 noma ngaphezulu e-PV esetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke azodingeka ngo-2050 ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemigomo yokususa i-carbonization.
Lo mhlangano, oholwa ngabameleli abavela kwiNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), iFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy eJalimane, kanye neNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology eJapane, uqoqe abaholi abavela emhlabeni wonke ku-PV, ukuhlanganiswa kwegridi, ukuhlaziywa, kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla, abavela ezikhungweni zocwaningo, ezemfundo kanye nasezimbonini. Umhlangano wokuqala, ngo-2016, wabhekana nenselele yokufinyelela okungenani ama-terawatts amathathu ngo-2030.
Umhlangano ka-2018 waphakamisa umgomo kakhulu, wafinyelela cishe ku-10 TW ngo-2030, futhi wafinyelela kathathu kulowo mkhawulo ngo-2050. Abahlanganyeli kulowo mhlangano babikezela ngempumelelo ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kukagesi emhlabeni wonke okuvela ku-PV kuzofinyelela ku-1 TW eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. Lowo mkhawulo weqiwe ngonyaka odlule.
“Senze intuthuko enkulu, kodwa imigomo izodinga umsebenzi oqhubekayo kanye nokusheshisa,” kusho uNancy Haegel, umqondisi weNational Center for Photovoltaics e-NREL. UHaegel ungumbhali oholayo wesihloko esisha kumagaziniIsayensi, “I-Photovoltaics Esikalini Se-Multi-Terawatt: Ukulinda Akuyona Inketho.” Ababhali abakanye nabo bamele izikhungo ezingu-41 ezivela emazweni angu-15.
“Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi sizibekele imigomo enenjongo nefinyelelekayo enethonya elikhulu,” kusho uMartin Keller, umqondisi we-NREL. “Kube nentuthuko enkulu emkhakheni wamandla elanga e-photovoltaic, futhi ngiyazi ukuthi singafeza okwengeziwe njengoba siqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha futhi senza ngokuphuthumayo.”
Imisebe yelanga eyenzeka ngengozi inganikeza kalula amandla angaphezu kwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla zoMhlaba, kodwa empeleni kusetshenziswa iphesenti elincane kuphela. Inani likagesi elinikezwa emhlabeni wonke yi-PV landa kakhulu lisuka enanini elincane ngo-2010 laya ku-4-5% ngo-2022.
Umbiko ovela kumhlangano wokusebenzela uphawule ukuthi “ifasitela liyavalwa kakhulu lokuthatha isinyathelo ngezinga lokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abangela ukushisa ngenkathi kuhlangatshezwana nezidingo zamandla omhlaba wonke esikhathini esizayo.” I-PV ivelele njengenye yezinketho ezimbalwa kakhulu ezingasetshenziswa ngokushesha ukufaka esikhundleni samafutha asetshenziswayo. “Ingozi enkulu eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo kungaba ukwenza imibono noma amaphutha amabi ekuboniseni ukukhula okudingekayo embonini ye-PV, bese siqaphela sekwephuzile ukuthi besinephutha ohlangothini oluphansi futhi sidinga ukwandisa ukukhiqiza nokusabalalisa kube amazinga angenangqondo noma angazinzile.”
Abalobi babikezela ukuthi ukufinyelela umgomo we-75-terawatt kuzobeka izidingo ezinkulu kokubili kubakhiqizi be-PV kanye nomphakathi wesayensi. Isibonelo:
- Abenzi bamaphaneli elanga e-silicon kumele banciphise inani lesiliva elisetshenziswayo ukuze ubuchwepheshe buqhubeke isikhathi eside esikalini sama-terawatt amaningi.
- Imboni ye-PV kumele iqhubeke nokukhula ngesilinganiso esingaba ngu-25% ngonyaka eminyakeni ezayo ebalulekile.
- Imboni kumele iqhubeke nokuthuthukisa izinto ukuze ithuthukise ukuzinza kwezinto ezibonakalayo futhi inciphise ukuthinteka kwayo kwemvelo.
Abahlanganyeli be-workshop baphinde bathi ubuchwepheshe belanga kumele buhlelwe kabusha ukuze kuklanywe ngendlela engokwemvelo futhi kujikelezwe, yize ukuphinda kusetshenziswe izinto zokusetshenziswa kabusha kungeyona ikhambi eliphumelelayo kwezomnotho okwamanje ezidingweni zezinto ezibonakalayo uma kubhekwa ukufakwa okuphansi kuze kube manje uma kuqhathaniswa nezidingo zeminyaka engamashumi amabili ezayo.
Njengoba umbiko uphawula, umgomo wama-terawatts angu-75 e-PV afakiwe “uyinselele enkulu futhi uyindlela etholakalayo eya phambili. Umlando wakamuva kanye nendlela yamanje kusikisela ukuthi kungafinyelelwa.”
I-NREL iyilabhorethri eyinhloko kazwelonke yoMnyango Wezamandla wase-US yocwaningo nentuthuko yamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. I-NREL iqhutshwa yi-DOE yi-Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-26-2023