Izithombe ezishisayo ziyindlela elula yokubona umehluko obonakalayo wokushisa kumasekethe kagesi ezimboni anezigaba ezintathu, uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo zawo zokusebenza ezivamile. Ngokuhlola umehluko wokushisa wazo zonke izigaba ezintathu eceleni, ochwepheshe bangabona ngokushesha ukungalingani kokusebenza emilenzeni ngayinye ngenxa yokungalingani noma ukulayisha ngokweqile.
Ukungalingani kukagesi ngokuvamile kubangelwa yimithwalo yesigaba ehlukene kodwa futhi kungabangelwa yizinkinga zemishini njengokuxhumeka okuphezulu kokumelana. Ukungalingani okuncane kwe-voltage enikezwa injini kuzobangela ukungalingani okukhulu kwamanje okuzokhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe futhi kunciphise i-torque kanye nokusebenza kahle. Ukungalingani okukhulu kungaqhumisa i-fuse noma kukhubeke i-breaker okubangela ukuphasa okukodwa kanye nezinkinga ezihambisana nakho njengokushisa kwenjini kanye nomonakalo.
Empeleni, akunakwenzeka ukulinganisela kahle ama-voltage kuzo zonke izigaba ezintathu. Ukuze kusizwe abaqhubi bemishini ukuthi banqume amazinga amukelekayo okungalingani, iNational Electrical
I-Manufacturers Association (NEMA) ibhale imininingwane yamadivayisi ahlukene. Lezi zisekelo ziyiphuzu eliwusizo lokuqhathanisa ngesikhathi sokulungisa nokuxazulula izinkinga.
Yini okufanele uyihlole?
Thwebula izithombe ezishisayo zawo wonke amaphaneli kagesi kanye nezinye izindawo zokuxhuma ezinomthwalo ophezulu njenge-drive, i-disconnect, izilawuli njalo njalo. Lapho uthola khona amazinga okushisa aphezulu, landela leyo circuit bese uhlola amagatsha nemithwalo ehlobene nayo.
Hlola amaphaneli nezinye izixhumanisi uvale izembozo. Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele uhlole amadivayisi kagesi uma esefudumale ngokuphelele futhi ezimweni ezizinzile okungenani amaphesenti angu-40 omthwalo ojwayelekile. Ngaleyo ndlela, izilinganiso zingahlolwa kahle futhi ziqhathaniswe nezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile.
Yini okufanele uyibheke?
Umthwalo olinganayo kufanele ulingane namazinga okushisa alinganayo. Esimweni somthwalo ongalingani, isigaba(izigaba) esilayishwe kakhulu sizobonakala sifudumele kunezinye, ngenxa yokushisa okubangelwa ukumelana. Kodwa-ke, umthwalo ongalingani, ukugcwala ngokweqile, uxhumano olubi, kanye nenkinga ye-harmonic konke kungadala iphethini efanayo. Ukulinganisa umthwalo kagesi kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale inkinga.
Isekethe noma umlenze opholile kunojwayelekile ungase ubonise ukuthi ingxenye ayisebenzi kahle.
Kuyinqubo enengqondo ukudala umzila wokuhlola ojwayelekile ohlanganisa zonke izixhumanisi zikagesi ezibalulekile. Usebenzisa isofthiwe eza nesithombe esishisayo, londoloza isithombe ngasinye osithwebula kukhompyutha bese ulandelela izilinganiso zakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaleyo ndlela, uzoba nezithombe eziyisisekelo ongaziqhathanisa nezithombe zakamuva. Le nqubo izokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi indawo eshisayo noma epholile ayijwayelekile yini. Ngemva kwesenzo sokulungisa, izithombe ezintsha zizokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ukulungiswa kuphumelele yini.
Yini emele "isaziso esibomvu?"
Ukulungiswa kufanele kubekwe phambili ukuphepha kuqala—okungukuthi, izimo zemishini ezibeka ingozi yokuphepha—kulandelwe ubucayi bemishini kanye nokuphakama kwezinga lokushisa. I-NETA (InterNational Electrical)
Iziqondiso ze-Testing Association) ziphakamisa ukuthi amazinga okushisa amancane njengo-1°C ngaphezu kwesimo sezulu kanye no-1°C aphezulu kunemishini efanayo enomthwalo ofanayo angabonisa ukuntuleka okungenzeka okudinga uphenyo.
Izindinganiso ze-NEMA (i-NEMA MG1-12.45) zixwayisa ngokusebenzisa noma iyiphi injini ngokungalingani kwe-voltage okungaphezu kwephesenti elilodwa. Eqinisweni, i-NEMA itusa ukuthi izinjini zincishiswe uma zisebenza ngokungalingani okuphezulu. Amaphesenti okungalingani okuphephile ayahlukahluka kweminye imishini.
Ukwehluleka kwenjini kuwumphumela ovamile wokungalingani kwamandla kagesi. Izindleko eziphelele zihlanganisa izindleko zenjini, umsebenzi odingekayo ukushintsha injini, izindleko zomkhiqizo olahliwe ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okungalingani, ukusebenza komugqa kanye nemali engenayo elahlekile ngesikhathi umugqa uphansi.
Izenzo zokulandelela
Uma isithombe sokushisa sibonisa ukuthi umqhubi wonke ufudumele kunezinye izingxenye kuyo yonke ingxenye yesekethe, umqhubi angaba mkhulu noma agcwale ngokweqile. Hlola isilinganiso somqhubi kanye nomthwalo wangempela ukuze ubone ukuthi yikuphi. Sebenzisa i-multimeter ene-accessory ye-clamp, i-clamp meter noma i-analyzer yekhwalithi yamandla ukuze uhlole ibhalansi yamanje kanye nokulayisha esigabeni ngasinye.
Ngasohlangothini lwe-voltage, hlola isivikelo kanye ne-switchgear ukuze ubone ukuthi i-voltage yehla kangakanani. Ngokuvamile, i-voltage yomugqa kufanele ibe ngaphakathi kuka-10% wesilinganiso se-nameplate. I-voltage engathathi hlangothi kuya phansi ingaba inkomba yokuthi uhlelo lwakho lulayishwe kangakanani noma ingaba inkomba yamanje ehambisanayo. I-voltage engathathi hlangothi kuya phansi ephakeme kuno-3% we-voltage eqondile kufanele ibangele uphenyo olwengeziwe. Futhi cabanga ukuthi imithwalo iyashintsha, futhi isigaba singase sibe phansi ngokuzumayo uma umthwalo omkhulu wesigaba esisodwa ufika ku-inthanethi.
Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kuwo wonke ama-fuse nama-switch nakho kungabonakala njengokungalingani ku-motor kanye nokushisa okweqile endaweni yenkinga yempande. Ngaphambi kokuthi ucabange ukuthi imbangela itholakele, hlola kabili ngesilinganiso samandla kagesi esishisayo kanye nesilinganiso samandla kagesi esinama-multi-meter noma esinama-clamp meter. Akufanele kulayishwe amasekethe e-feeder noma amagatsha kuze kufike emkhawulweni omkhulu ovunyelwe.
Izibalo zomthwalo wesekethe kufanele futhi zivumele ama-harmonics. Isixazululo esivame kakhulu sokulayisha ngokweqile ukusabalalisa kabusha imithwalo phakathi kwesekethe, noma ukuphatha ukuthi imithwalo ifika nini ngesikhathi senqubo.
Kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ehambisanayo, inkinga ngayinye esolisayo evezwe ngesithombe esishisayo ingabhalwa phansi embikweni ohlanganisa isithombe esishisayo kanye nesithombe sedijithali semishini. Leyo yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuxhumana ngezinkinga nokusikisela ukulungiswa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-16-2021