Ngokusho kombiko we-Market Observatory for Energy DG Energy, ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kanye nezimo zezulu ezinhle yizona zinto ezimbili ezibalulekile ezibangela ukuthambekela okuhlangatshezwane nakho emakethe kagesi yaseYurophu ngo-2020. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindlela ezimbili zazingavamile noma zingezinkathi ezithile zonyaka.
Izitayela ezibalulekile emakethe kagesi yaseYurophu zifaka:
Ukwehla kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni emkhakheni wamandla
Ngenxa yokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo evuselelekayo kanye nokwehla kokukhiqizwa kwamandla asebenzisa uphethiloli ngo-2020, umkhakha wamandla ukwazile ukunciphisa umthelela wawo wekhabhoni ngo-14% ngo-2020. Ukwehla komthelela wekhabhoni kulo mkhakha ngo-2020 kufana nezitayela ezibonwe ngo-2019 lapho ukushintshana kukaphethiloli kwakuyisici esiyinhloko ngemuva komkhuba wokususa uphethiloli.
Kodwa-ke, iningi labashayeli ngo-2020 lalihle kakhulu noma lingezikhathi ezithile zonyaka (ubhubhane, ubusika obufudumele, izinga eliphezulu lokushayela).
ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi). Kodwa-ke, kulindeleke okuphambene nalokho ngo-2021, njengoba izinyanga zokuqala zika-2021 zinesimo sezulu esibandayo, isivinini somoya esiphansi kanye namanani aphezulu egesi, intuthuko ephakamisa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokuqina komkhakha wamandla kungakhuphuka.
I-European Union ihlose ukususa ngokuphelele igesi elingcolile emkhakheni wayo wamandla ngo-2050 ngokwethulwa kwezinqubomgomo ezisekelayo ezifana ne-EU Emissions Trading Scheme, i-Renewable Energy Directive kanye nomthetho obhekene nokukhishwa kwegesi okungcolisa umoya okuvela ezikhungweni zezimboni.
Ngokusho kwe-European Environment Agency, iYurophu yehlise ngesigamu ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni emkhakheni wayo wamandla ngo-2019 kusukela emazingeni ka-1990.
Izinguquko ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla
Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi e-EU kwehle ngo--4% njengoba iningi lezimboni lingazange lisebenze ngokugcwele phakathi nengxenye yokuqala ka-2020. Nakuba iningi lezakhamuzi zase-EU lihlale emakhaya, okusho ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamandla emakhaya, ukwanda kwesidingo semindeni akukwazanga ukuguqula ukwehla kweminye imikhakha yomnotho.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba amazwe evuselela imikhawulo ye-COVID-19, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sekota yesine kwakusondele “emazingeni ajwayelekile” kunasezigabeni ezintathu zokuqala zika-2020.
Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwikota yesine ka-2020 nakho kwakubangelwa amazinga okushisa abandayo uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019.
Ukwanda kwesidingo sama-EV
Njengoba ukufakwa kukagesi ohlelweni lwezokuthutha kukhula, isidingo sezimoto zikagesi sanda ngo-2020 ngokubhaliswa okusha okucishe kube yisigamu sesigidi kwikota yesine ka-2020. Lesi kwakuyisibalo esiphezulu kakhulu esirekhodiwe futhi sahunyushwa saba isabelo semakethe esingakaze sibonwe esingu-17%, esingaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kunaseShayina futhi siphindwe kasithupha kunase-United States.
Kodwa-ke, i-European Environment Agency (EEA) ithi ukubhaliswa kwezimoto ze-EV bekuphansi ngo-2020 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019. I-EEA ithi ngo-2019, ukubhaliswa kwezimoto zikagesi bekucishe kube amayunithi angu-550 000, njengoba sekufinyelele amayunithi angu-300 000 ngo-2018.
Izinguquko ekuxubeni kwamandla esifundeni kanye nokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo
Ukwakheka kwengxube yamandla yesifunda kwashintsha ngo-2020, ngokusho kombiko.
Ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezinhle, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ngamanzi kwakuphezulu kakhulu futhi iYurophu yakwazi ukwandisa iphothifoliyo yayo yokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kangangokuthi amandla avuselelekayo (39%) adlula isabelo samafutha emvelo (36%) okokuqala ngqa engxubeni yamandla ye-EU.
Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kwasizwa kakhulu ukwengezwa kwamandla elanga nomoya angu-29 GW ngo-2020, okulingana namazinga ka-2019. Naphezu kokuphazamisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla omoya namandla elanga okwaholela ekubambezelekeni kwephrojekthi, ubhubhane aluzange lunciphise kakhulu ukwanda kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Eqinisweni, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla amalahle kanye ne-lignite kwehle ngo-22% (-87 TWh) kanti ukukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi kwehle ngo-11% (-79 TWh). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla egesi akuzange kuthinteke kakhulu ngenxa yamanani amahle akhulise ukushintshwa kwamalahle abe yigesi kanye ne-lignite abe yigesi.
Ukuyeka ukusebenza kwamandla amalahle kuyaqina
Njengoba umbono wobuchwepheshe obusebenzisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi uqhubeka uba mubi futhi amanani e-carbon enyuka, kuye kwamenyezelwa ukuthi abantu abaningi abasebenzisa amalahle bangase bathathe umhlalaphansi kusenesikhathi. Izikhungo zaseYurophu kulindeleke ukuthi ziqhubeke nokushintsha kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwamandla amalahle ngaphansi kwemizamo yokuhlangabezana nemigomo eqinile yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngamalahle futhi njengoba zizama ukuzilungiselela amamodeli ebhizinisi esikhathi esizayo ezilindele ukuthi ancike ngokuphelele ku-carbon.
Ukwenyuka kwamanani kagesi ngobuningi
Ezinyangeni zamuva nje, izibonelelo zokukhishwa komoya ezibizayo, kanye nokwenyuka kwentengo kaphethiloli, kuye kwanyusa amanani kagesi ngobuningi ezimakethe eziningi zaseYurophu kwaze kwaba semazingeni abonwe okokugcina ekuqaleni kuka-2019. Umphumela ubonakale kakhulu emazweni athembele kumalahle kanye ne-lignite. Ukuguquguquka kwamanani kagesi ngobuningi kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele emananini okuthengisa.
Ukukhula okusheshayo kokuthengisa emkhakheni wezimoto ze-EV kuhambisane nokwanda kwengqalasizinda yokushaja. Inani lezindawo zokushaja ezinamandla aphezulu ngamakhilomitha ayi-100 emigwaqweni emikhulu lenyuke lisuka ku-12 laya ku-20 ngo-2020.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-01-2021